Gastronomia

Agachamento, descalço ou com tênis? Veja o que os estudos mostraram!

A complexidade do agachamento faz com que tenhamos a necessidade de compreender as formas mais efetivas de execução. Neste artigo, iremos falar sobre a questão de fazer o agachamento descalço ou com tênis.

Por mais que o agachamento seja um movimento totalmente natural do ser humano, quando o utilizamos dentro de uma estrutura de treinamento, ele é um dos movimentos mais complexos em termos motores e musculares. Neste sentido, ele precisa ser pensado de acordo com uma série de variáveis. Posicionamento de joelhos, quadril, tornozelo, manutenção das curvaturas da coluna e muitos outros. Tudo isso, se deixado de lado, acaba trazendo muitos problemas para a execução e em longo prazo, pode gerar lesões. Mas e o calçado usado, será que tem alguma influência?

É o que vamos analisar neste artigo! Já te adianto, é um tema amplo, complexo e que envolve muitas questões ligadas a individualidade. Não espere respostas prontas!

Função do tornozelo no agachamento

Dentro da estrutura do agachamento, o tornozelo realiza uma leve flexão plantar. Ou seja, temos uma flexão desta articulação. E este é um movimento que pode influenciar na mecânica do contexto todo.

Quanto maior a amplitude do agachamento, maior a tendência de flexão plantar. Isso é natural, afinal ajuda a equilibrar o movimento.

Partindo deste conceito, temos que buscar compreender que esta flexão plantar influencia diretamente em todo o resto do movimento. Por exemplo, se ela não for feita em totalidade, é natural retirar o calcanhar do chão. Em muitos casos, isso aumenta consideravelmente a compressão patelar. Em médio e longo prazo, isso pode gerar uma série de problemas articulares, sendo a condromalácia patelar a mais comum.

Mas isso tem mais uma ligação com a falta de flexibilidade em cadeia posterior (isquiotibiais, tríceps surral, glúteos e músculos lombares) do que com a mobilidade articular propriamente dita do tornozelo.

É lógico que se o seu tornozelo for “travado” e apresentar pouca mobilidade, isso influenciará no movimento como um todo. Mas isso pode ser resolvido com alguns exercícios específicos e educativos.

Mas e a questão do calçado (ou a não utilização do mesmo), será que influencia no agachamento?

O que a ciência diz sobre o fazer o agachamento descalço ou com calçado?

Se formos partir de uma análise visual, é lógico que aparentemente o agachamento descalço apresenta maior mobilidade articular. Não temos elementos externos para o movimento articular. Porém, da mesma forma não existem elementos que auxiliem na estabilização do tornozelo.

Mas o que isso influencia no agachamento propriamente dito?

Em um recente estudo de Southwell (2016) foram avaliadas 3 condições diferentes de agachamento:

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